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Exocarpos menziesii

Stauffer (1959)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Exocarpos

au, heau

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees 0.5–2 m tall.

Stems: Stems densely branched, especially toward the ends, the tips conspicuously maroon–tinged.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple (usually only scale-like, occasionally a few foliaceous ones present). Alternate, rarely subopposite. Blades foliaceous leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, 10–14(–25) mm long, 3–6 mm wide. Base cuneate to attenuate. Margins entire. Secondary veins arising at the leaf base and running parallel to the midrib. Sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and axillary spikes. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla of 5 petals, red, ca. 3 mm long. Stamens (4–)5; all more or less similar in shape. Ovary partly superior, embedded in a fleshy receptacle; ovule 1, embedded in the placenta and scarcely differentiated from it (the placental column could be taken as a single massive ovule).

Fruit: Drupes reddish brown to red at maturity; ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid; 7–10 mm long; the exposed portion above the receptacle 3–6 mm long; apex rounded and with a small terminal beak or 3 inconspicuous indentations; partially embedded in a yellow; fleshy receptacle.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Scattered in open 'ahi'o shrubland or on lava flows with sparse vegetation;.

Elevation Range: 1,400–2,100 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

O'ahu Not in flora
Lana'i Endemic
Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Mitt. Bot. Mus. Univ. Zürich 213: 148 (1959)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1218 (L, H); Hank Oppenheimer pers. obs./St.John 22596 BISH (L†, 1947)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
2 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Russ, G.W. Hawaii BISH 1928-07-01
3 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition Hawaii BISH
4 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jaggar, Mrs.T. 12460 Hawaii BISH 1939-09-20
5 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 429 Hawaii BISH 1911-08-01
6 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Greenwell, A.B.H. 21397 Hawaii BISH 1950-01-01
7 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hansen, Mrs.V. Hawaii BISH 1963-04-01
8 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Hawaii BISH
9 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 299 BISH 1864-01-01
10 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rémy, J. 511 BISH 1851-01-01
11 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen U.S. Exploring Expedition BISH 1838-01-01
12 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional on aa lava flow in very sparse vegetation Preserved_Specimen Low broom-like shrub, green but tips maroon; fruiting receptacle globose, yellow, fruit maroon Fosberg, F.R. 41643 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
13 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1737 Hawaii BISH 1965-04-20
14 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details With Railliardia, Argyroxiphium, +. Preserved_Specimen Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-09-26
15 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open; stunted vegetation on dry pahoehoe lava Preserved_Specimen Short, brittle shrub with reddish stem tips. Fruit red with a white expanded torus. Herbst, D.R. 5056 Hawaii BISH 1974-10-08
16 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered 'ohi'a and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen Single plant; growing on pahoehoe. Stemmermann, R.L. 3831 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
17 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details scrub at lower tree line Preserved_Specimen 2 m x 6 cm tree, nearly decumbent, few expanded leaves St.John, H. 22596 Lanai BISH 1947-04-04
18 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Restricted to a narrow belt on pahoehoe lava. Preserved_Specimen Low shrub in shrub-Ohia type Fagerlund, G.O. 530 Hawaii BISH 1943-04-16
19 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details scrub near Metrosideros Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 31224 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-20
20 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details decumbent, open scrub Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 26683 Hawaii BISH 1971-06-24
21 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details lava Preserved_Specimen scrub Degener, O. 31379 Hawaii BISH 1967-06-20
22 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros, Myrsine, Dodonaea, Vaccinium and Styphelia on aa substratum Preserved_Specimen Higashino, P.K. 5234 Hawaii BISH 1977-01-13
23 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Cinders absent coming down from Hualalei. Preserved_Specimen Low bushes 2-3 feet, sometimes 4-5 feet. Flower buds dark-red; interior yellow, soft, fleshy. (see Forbes 218.H specimen). Seed removed for BM Anthropology Seed Collection 1994. Forbes, C.N. 267 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
24 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details arid, open Metrosideros forest Preserved_Specimen 3' spreading shrub Degener, O. 20166 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
25 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details native shrub and trees, ohia Preserved_Specimen low shrub Warshauer, F.R. 1816 Hawaii BISH 1978-06-15
26 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry native shrub community with scattered 'ohi'a and other native trees. Preserved_Specimen 30cm tall. Warshauer, F.R. 2294 Hawaii BISH 1979-06-12
27 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open Metrosideros scrub Preserved_Specimen Stiff, erect, brittle shrub to about 3 ft. tall. Stems green with red tips; fruit red, swollen pedicel whitish. Herbst, D.R. 1993 Hawaii BISH 1971-07-14
28 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details cinders, arid plain; with Metrosideros, Styphelia, Vaccinium Preserved_Specimen 2' x ~4' , sprawling; torus spherical to depressed; pale yellow; young branches claret Degener, O. 31258 Hawaii BISH 1967-07-09
29 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Full sun. Dry 'ohi'a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Occasional; growing on semi-pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen Shrub. Some flowers Jacobi, J.D. 1096 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-16
30 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details plains, on lava flows Preserved_Specimen purple tips Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH 1958-04-01
31 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In full sun. Dry 'ohi'a forest with mixed native trees and a native shrub and mixed grass understory. Occasional. Preserved_Specimen Shrub; 1.5m tall Jacobi, J.D. 1188 Hawaii BISH 1978-08-10
32 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest, mainly Metrosideros, on Aa-lava. Preserved_Specimen Shrub, 1.7m, diam of branches to 4cm, bark gray, longitudinally fissured, loosely branching but terminal brooms very dense, tips of branches red, flowers red, cupule of ripe fruit light yellow, fruit reddish brown. Stauffer, H.U. 5893 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
33 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Rare. Preserved_Specimen Mizuno, R.T. Hawaii BISH 1970-09-07
34 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details volcanic ash with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Santalum Preserved_Specimen ~1.3 m shrub, branches yellow green with red tips; inflorescences succulent, unripe cupule green with reddish tint, ripe cupule yellow, ripe fruit brownish red Stauffer, H.U. 5899 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
35 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details narrow belt on pahoehoe Preserved_Specimen low shrub Fagerlund, G.O. 530 Hawaii BISH 1943-04-16
36 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic pioneer ohia forest with other native trees and a matted-fern, native shrub understory. Preserved_Specimen Small shrub; In flower & fruit. Jacobi, J.D. 687 Hawaii BISH 1976-06-07
37 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Occasional in open scrub Preserved_Specimen Low bush 0.6m tall, spreading, tips maroon; fruit red, receptacle yellow Fosberg, F.R. 41656 Hawaii BISH 1961-03-22
38 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Scrub vegetation of Metrosideros, Railliardia, Deschampsia & Styphelia. Preserved_Specimen Dwarfed shrub to 3 ft. ht. in gully. Young growth red. True leaves rare. Nagata, K.M. 1741 Hawaii BISH 1978-07-27
39 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Volcanic ash with low shrubby open vegetation, with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Santalum etc. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1.0 meters, with leaves from secondary shoots, leaves dull on both sides, yellowish or reddish-green, often with black tip, flowers red, ripe fruit with yellow cupule, reddish tepals and shining red nutlet; only one individual seen with leaves. Stauffer, H.U. 5901 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
40 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest, mainly Metrosideros on `a`a lava. Preserved_Specimen Shrub 1 meter in height: a few branches with leaves, tips of branches red, flowers red, stamens yellow with pollen, disc green, no fruits present. One shrub seen. Stauffer, H.U. 5894 Hawaii BISH 1964-06-19
41 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details On arid lava in open Metrosideros forest. Preserved_Specimen Spreading, 3 foot high shrub. Degener, O. 20166 Hawaii BISH 1949-08-25
42 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Volcanic Ash with low open shrubby vegetation, with Dodonaea, Metrosideros, Wikstroemia, Santalum etc. Preserved_Specimen Shrub to 1.3 meters, branches yellow-green with red tips, inflorescences succulent, unripe cupule green with reddish tint, ripe cupule yellow, ripe fruit brownish red; frequent. Stauffer, H.U. 5899 Hawaii BISH 1964-04-19
43 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details stunted sandalwoods, crevices of aa lava, windblown Preserved_Specimen 12' bush Hansen, V. Hawaii BISH 1963-06-27
44 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fruit and leafy specimen. Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-08-21
45 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bush or small tree, 3-5 ft. Fr. light yellow, seed red. Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1964-05-24
46 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Dark-green leaves from inside the shrub and leafless fruiting branches. Meinecke, W.H. Hawaii BISH 1963-08-21
47 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10051 Hawaii BISH 1912-02-13
48 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 218 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
49 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Low bushes, 2-3 ft., some 4-5; fl. buds dark-red; soft fleshy base yellow. Forbes, C.N. 267 Hawaii BISH 1911-06-27
50 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Bennett, T. 78 Hawaii BISH 1981-11-01
51 Exocarpos menziesii Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Jaggar, Mrs.T. 12460 Hawaii BISH
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